Lowering Across Languages
نویسندگان
چکیده
The contrast in processing di culty among di erent cases of local ambiguity has often been captured in terms of the type of reanalysis that is required. Of particularly importance has been the distinction between lowering and raising of a constituent from the position in which it is attached originally, raising being the more costly operation and therefore producing conscious garden path e ects. Unfortunately, this simple dichotomy has proven insu cient to capture the ease of resolving a range of cases of local ambiguity: many cases which ought to be resolvable by lowering yield garden path e ects. In this paper, we focus on an apparent contrast in lowering possibilities between English and Japanese. We show how by adopting the structural relation of c-command as the primitive used by the parser the characterize structural relations, we can account for these contrasts without resorting to positing distinct parsing strategies in the two languages. Instead, the use of c-command enables us to derive the apparent parsing di erences from independently necessary grammatical di erences. Finally, using c-command as a parsing primitive provides, we believe, a way to bring together two strands of work on parsing models, those rooted in structure and those rooted in lexical and thematic relations.
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تاریخ انتشار 1997